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Debt Market

Debt Market

The debt market, is the arena in which investment in loans are bought and sold. There is no single physical exchange for bonds. Transactions are mostly made between brokers or large institutions, or by individual investors.

Investments in debt securities typically involve less risk than equity investments and offer a lower potential return on investment. Debt investments by nature fluctuate less in price than stocks. Even if a company is liquidated, bondholders are the first to be paid.

Bonds are the most common form of debt investment. These are issued by corporates or by the government to raise capital for their operations and generally carry a fixed interest rate. Most are secured and are issued with a rating by one of several agencies such as Moody’s to indicate the likely integrity of the issuer.

The debt market is one of the important platforms for raising debt. Debt Market Instruments helps the issuers to procure funds and satisfy their needs. 

Companies often rely on debt instruments to finance their projects, expansion, or growth. Raising money through equity is always not a feasible option, in such a situation the companies go for Debt Market securities.
Banks and Financial Institutions flourish on deposits and lending business. Debt Market instruments give Banks and Financial Institutions, an opportunity to raise funds for lending. These institutions and banks accept deposits from the public at large at a lower interest rate and thereafter lends money to the borrowers at a higher rate.
The State and/or Central Government raises money through Debt Market instruments to execute its various infrastructural projects and welfare programs. Sometimes the government does not have enough funds even after considering all taxes income and other incomes. In such a situation, the government raises funds through the general public. The infrastructural projects once start functioning, they repay the government and the same funds are given back as returns and redemptions to investors.
At even small town or village level, Debt instruments are useful for raising funds. In a similar manner to Central and State Government, these local Municipalities or Village Panchayats use these instruments for collecting funds for their infrastructural projects and other welfare programs.
Public Sector Units (PSUs), have to directly compete with private entities. These Units also use debt instruments to raise funds for their projects and expansion.

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